Dry Eyes
What are the Common Causes of Dry Eye?
Commonest cause of dry eyes are the air conditioners.. The extreme loss of humidity and resultant dryness in the air around us especially in low temperature settings in AC, causes more evaporation from the watery layer of tear film , and hence dry eyes.
The tears have antimicrobial functions and in dry eyes, when there is no adequate lubrication, the eyes are also more vulnerable to inflammation and infections which could lead to decrease in vision.
Why Does Eyes Need Moisture?
Adequate quality and quantity of tears in the eyes is essential for smooth feeling and functioning of the eyes.
The dry eye syndrome is the change in quality or quantity of the three layers of the tear film – Oily (exterior), water/aqueous layer (middle) and protein (inner).
The other important causes of dry eye disease are :
- Prolonged staring/usage of computer/mobile phones (Computer Vision Syndrome).
- The natural aging process,
- Certain medical conditions including diabetes, thyroid disorders and Vitamin A deficiency
- Side effects of certain drugs like anti-allergics, anti–hypertensives
- Laser eye surgery, though symptoms of dry eyes related to this procedure are usually temporary.
- Tear gland damage from inflammation or radiation
- Diseases that affect your ability to make tears, like Sjogren’s syndrome, rheumatoid arthritis, and collagen vascular diseases
- Problems that don’t allow your eyelids to close fully
- Air pollution –
Major symptoms of dry eye disease:
Symptoms of dry eyes and dry eye syndrome can be Burning ,dryness ,grittiness, Itchiness, Aching sensations, Heaviness , watering from the eyes and blurred vision.
Tips to Prevent Dry Eye Syndrome:
- Minimize the number of hours of using air-conditioned rooms.
- Avoid sitting with your face facing air conditioners.
- Place a small open bowl of fresh water in the corner of the room you sit with the air conditioner to maintain the humidity of the room,
- Drink enough liquids
Frequent conscious blinking when using computer or mobile phones
Have a traditional 7 – 8 hours of sleep.
Consider wearing sunglasses or protective eye wear.
Consult your eye doctor to diagnose the cause of your dry eyes, and follow recommendations on eye medications like lubricants, and /or antibiotics and/or anti-inflammatory eye drops and other procedures which could help your body create and secrete more tears and better quality of tears and to decrease eye irritation and inflammation.
How are dry eyes diagnosed?
At BEC (Bajaj Eye Centre), Dry eyes are diagnosed through a Comprehensive Eye Examination.
Testing, with emphasis on the evaluation of the quantity and quality of tears produced by the eyes, may include :
- Patient history to determine the symptoms, general health problems, medications or environmental factors that may be contributing to the dry eyes.
- External examination of the eye.
- Evaluation of the eyelids and cornea.
- Measurement of the quantity and quality of tears for any abnormalities.
- Special dyes may be put in the eyes to better observe tear flow and to highlight any changes to the outer surface of the eye
Treatment
Because there are so many different causes of dry eyes, your treatment will depend on your individual symptoms, and the cause of your condition. Most treatments involve either replacing tears, or reducing tear drainage.
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